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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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MolEvolvR: A web-app for characterizing proteins using molecular evolution and phylogeny.

Faisal S Alquaddoomi1, Joseph T Burke2,3, Lo Sosinski3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

MolEvolvR is a web app for studying protein evolution. It visualizes molecular evolution across the tree of life, aiding protein function and evolution hypothesis generation.

Keywords:
Comparative genomicsDomain architecturesHomologyMolecular evolutionPhylogeneticsProtein characterizationWeb application

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Studying protein evolution reveals conserved domains and lineage-specific adaptations.
  • Understanding protein domain architecture and phyletic spread is crucial for functional inference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce MolEvolvR, a novel web-app for visualizing protein molecular evolution.
  • To enable researchers to generate testable hypotheses about protein function and evolution using phylogenetic context.

Main Methods:

  • MolEvolvR accepts diverse protein/domain sequence inputs.
  • It employs a computational workflow for homolog data and graphical summaries.
  • Domain-centric searches capture remote homologs missed by full-length searches.

Main Results:

  • Provides detailed homolog data and dynamic visualizations (phylogenetic trees, MSAs, domain architectures).
  • Integrates domain architecture evolution with phyletic distribution and co-occurrence patterns.
  • Visualizes lineage-specific adaptations versus broadly conserved features.

Conclusions:

  • MolEvolvR offers a powerful, user-friendly interface for computational protein characterization.
  • It facilitates evolutionary studies across all superkingdoms.
  • The tool aids in understanding protein function and evolutionary trajectories.