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ClinPreAI: An Agentic AI System for Early Postpartum Depression Risk Prediction from Multimodal EHR Data.

Daniel Palacios1,2,3, Sukru Aras4,2,3, Yi Zhong4,2,3

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This summary is machine-generated.

A new AI system, ClinPreAI, can predict postpartum depression (PPD) risk using electronic health records. This autonomous agent improves early identification, making advanced predictive modeling more accessible for maternal mental health.

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Clinical Informatics
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Postpartum depression (PPD) affects 10-15% of mothers annually, with early identification being a significant clinical challenge.
  • Existing methods for PPD risk prediction often lack efficiency and accessibility in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce ClinPreAI, an agentic AI system designed for autonomous development and evaluation of PPD risk prediction models.
  • To leverage multimodal electronic health record (EHR) data for enhanced PPD prediction accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of EHR data from 4,161 pregnant individuals, including 27 structured clinical variables and social worker notes.
  • Development and implementation of ClinPreAI, an agentic AI system with five modules for iterative model refinement via autonomous experimentation.
  • Evaluation of predictive performance using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥10 as the primary outcome.

Main Results:

  • ClinPreAI achieved an F1 score of 0.68 ± 0.03 on structured data, surpassing traditional AutoML and commercial solutions.
  • On multimodal data, ClinPreAI achieved an F1 score of 0.65 ± 0.04, matching custom LLM-XGBoost and outperforming zero-shot models.
  • Demonstrated the capability of agentic AI in democratizing sophisticated predictive modeling for clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Agentic AI systems like ClinPreAI can automate the design, implementation, and evaluation of clinical prediction tools.
  • This approach lowers barriers for developing robust predictive models in healthcare, especially where ML expertise is limited.
  • ClinPreAI represents a significant advancement in applying autonomous AI for perinatal mental health prediction and clinical decision support.