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Classifying and visualizing medication use in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Daniel A Lopez1,2, L Nate Overholtzer3, Kyung E Rhee4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.

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This study standardized adolescent medication data in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. A new framework helps researchers analyze medication use and its effects on adolescent development and neurocognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adolescent medication use is crucial for understanding health trends.
  • Analyzing medication data is challenging due to complex labeling.
  • Standardization is needed for consistent research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reproducible framework for standardizing medication categorization in the ABCD Study.
  • To improve analytic consistency and reliability of medication use data in adolescents.
  • To enable better examination of medication effects on adolescent neurocognitive development.

Main Methods:

  • Harmonized parent-reported prescription and OTC medication data from the ABCD Study (baseline to Year 6).
  • Employed the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, AI, and clinical expertise for categorization.
  • Utilized a case study on antidepressant use and internalizing symptoms (BPM-Y) to demonstrate the framework's utility.

Main Results:

  • Consolidated over 6,300 unique medication entries into 95 clinically meaningful categories.
  • Identified cold/flu/allergy and acne treatments as the most common medication types.
  • Adolescents using antidepressants showed significant reductions in internalizing symptoms over time.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced a standardized, reproducible classification system for adolescent medication use in the ABCD Study.
  • The framework, dashboard, and code support research on medication exposure and developmental outcomes.
  • Facilitates novel investigations into the relationship between medication and adolescent brain, neurocognition, and behavior.