Recent progress in regulation of aging by non-coding RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. Recent advances in RNA biology have uncovered roles of ncRNAs in physiological processes, including aging. Here, we review how various classes of ncRNAs regulate aging and longevity, by focusing on recent research using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an excellent model for aging research. We also discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for aging and age-related diseases. Because many aging-regulating genes and pathways in C. elegans are evolutionarily conserved, our review will provide important information regarding the functions of ncRNAs in aging and longevity in other species, including mammals.