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Applying User-Centered Design to Develop a Culturally Sensitive, Low-Calorie Meal Plan for Enhancing Dietary

Maya Balakrishnan1, Paola Martinez1, Brett Deng1

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine.

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|December 3, 2025
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Summary

Developing a culturally tailored meal plan helps manage metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This patient-centered approach addresses barriers and improves dietary self-efficacy for Mexican and Central American patients.

Keywords:
cultural adaptationdiet therapydietary interventionecological momentary assessmentfatty liverhealth status disparities

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Dietary interventions are crucial for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
  • Patients face significant barriers including knowledge gaps, cost, time constraints, and cultural relevance.
  • Culturally tailoring interventions is essential for adherence and effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a systematic, replicable method for culturally tailoring a dietary intervention for MASLD patients.
  • To create a calorie-restricted meal plan specifically for Mexican and Central American individuals with MASLD.
  • To align the intervention with MASLD dietary guidelines and weight loss objectives.

Main Methods:

  • A three-phase, mixed-methods approach was used with 25 Mexican/Central American MASLD patients.
  • Phase 1: Semi-structured interviews to understand meal patterns and preferences.
  • Phase 2 & 3: Development of calorie-level meal plan prototypes and usability testing via ecological momentary assessments and daily interviews.

Main Results:

  • Participants favored home-cooked meals; lunch and dinner preparation posed challenges.
  • Recipe modifications focused on increasing fiber and reducing fat/refined carbohydrates.
  • The tailored meal plans were perceived as culturally aligned and practical, enhancing portion awareness and dietary self-efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • A replicable, patient-centered method for culturally tailoring dietary interventions was demonstrated.
  • A practical, calorie-restricted meal plan for MASLD patients of Mexican and Central American background was created.
  • Future research will evaluate the meal plan's large-scale implementation and impact on dietary changes and weight loss.