Multi-omics sequencing and data analysis of nanovesicles derived from dried and fresh salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial, upright herbaceous plant in the genus Salvia within the Lamiaceae family. Its roots have long been used medicinally to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis. Plant-derived nanovesicles are increasingly recognized as a new therapeutic platform for treating various diseases. Therefore, in this study, two types of Salvia miltiorrhiza-derived nanovesicles (SDNVs) were isolated from dried and fresh Salvia miltiorrhiza, respectively: SDNV-D was obtained from decoctions of dried Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizomes using ultra-high-speed differential centrifugation. In contrast, SDNV-F was isolated from the juice of fresh rhizomes through ultra-high-speed differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. miRNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina Novaseq SE50 platform, and untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics sequencing were conducted via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These analyses aimed to explore differences in miRNAs, metabolites, and proteins between the two SDNV types, thereby predicting their potential intervention targets and therapeutic uses for various diseases. The miRNA dataset has been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). At the same time, data from untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics are available in the National Center for Bioinformation Database. These data provide a foundation for further research into the intervention effects and targets of the two SDNVs across different diseases.