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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Post-stroke Fatigue and Brain Excitability: An Exploratory TMS Study.

Hui-Ting Goh¹, Jill C Stewart², Yu-Chen Chung³

¹School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas TX, USA.

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

|December 3, 2025

Summary

This study found that reduced brain excitability, measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), is linked to higher post-stroke fatigue (PSF) in individuals with motor impairments.

Keywords:

brain excitability corticospinal excitability inhibition perceived effort tiredness

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Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and debilitating symptom affecting individuals with mild to moderate motor impairment.
Understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of PSF is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between various measures of brain excitability, assessed via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and the severity of PSF.
To identify specific TMS parameters that correlate with PSF in chronic stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

Twenty-four participants with chronic stroke and mild to moderate motor impairment underwent single- and paired-pulse TMS.
Measures included resting motor threshold (RMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, Input-Output (IO) curve slope, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF).
Correlation analyses were performed between TMS measures and PSF scores.

Main Results:

The IO curve slope and SICI, measured from the ipsilesional hemisphere, showed significant negative correlations with PSF (ρ = -0.61, p = 0.02 and ρ = -0.51, p = .03, respectively).
Higher levels of fatigue were associated with lower brain excitability.
Other TMS measures did not show significant correlations with PSF.

Conclusions:

Reduced cortical excitability, specifically reflected in lower IO curve slope and SICI, is associated with increased post-stroke fatigue in individuals with motor impairments.
These findings suggest that brain excitability may play a role in the pathophysiology of PSF.
The relationship between brain excitability and PSF might be influenced by the degree of motor impairment and the specific fatigue assessment tools used.