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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
A minimal electrical model of the human heart
1Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract:
We develop a minimal whole-heart model that describes cardiac electrical conduction and simulate a basic three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). We compare our three-lead ECG model with clinical data from a Norwegian athlete database. The results demonstrate a strong correlation with the ECGs recorded for these athletes. We simulate various pathologies of the heart's electrical conduction system, including ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, accessory pathways, and ischemia-related arrhythmias, showing that the three-lead ECGs align with the clinical data. This minimal model serves as a computationally efficient digital twin of the heart.
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