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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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Spatial Distributions of Blood Residence Time in Stenosed Model Coronary Arteries

Michael T LaRoche, Jacob M Miller, John White

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed

    Insights

    Blood residence time patterns in coronary arteries can indicate stenosis severity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations show distinct spatial distributions for healthy versus significantly narrowed arteries, offering a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Science
    • Medical Imaging
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis relies on invasive methods.
    • Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for assessing stenosis severity.
    • Understanding blood flow dynamics in stenotic arteries is crucial for diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between blood residence time distribution and stenosis severity (FFR).
    • To explore the potential of blood residence time as a non-invasive biomarker for CAD.

    Main Methods:

    • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of coronary artery models with varying stenosis.
    • Analysis of spatial blood residence time distributions in 2D cross-sections.
    • Comparison of residence time patterns between high FFR (healthy) and low FFR (stenotic) cases.

    Main Results:

    • Low FFR cases showed higher blood residence times due to flow recirculation.
    • Normalized gradients of residence time revealed symmetrical contours in high FFR and asymmetrical in low FFR cases.
    • Distinct spatial patterns of blood residence times differentiate healthy from significantly stenotic coronary arteries.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatial blood residence time distribution is a sensitive indicator of coronary artery stenosis severity.
    • This finding suggests a potential non-invasive method for assessing CAD.
    • Blood residence time analysis could complement or replace invasive diagnostic procedures.

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