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Factors Affecting Muscle Coactivation of Athletes: A Preliminary Study of Professional Rock Climbers
Abstract:
The simultaneous activation of agonist and antagonist muscles during limb movement is known as muscle coactivation. The characteristics of muscle coactivation are closely related to the athletic performance of sports athletes, and they have significant implications for guiding athletes in scientific training, reducing muscle fatigue, and preventing sports injuries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence muscle coactivation characteristics during elbow joint movements of the upper limbs. We recruited seven professional rock climbers as subjects and used an isokinetic dynamometer along with surface electromyography (sEMG) technology to record the surface EMG of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii during different levels of isokinetic and isotonic movements of the elbow joint. We then analyzed and processed the sEMG signals to calculate the muscle coactivation index for elbow extension and flexion movements. Additionally, we employed a multifactorial repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore the effects of joint movement type, muscle contraction level, and limb laterality. The muscle coactivation index in flexion (40.8% ± 6.3%) was significantly higher than in extension (35.9% ± 12.6%). The results indicated that only joint movement type had a significant main effect on the coactivation index, while the other factors did not demonstrate a significant effect. As rock climbing is a sport that requires balance between the left and right limbs, the coactivation characteristics of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs show no laterality. This finding suggests that different types of joint movements substantially influence coactivation levels between the biceps brachii and triceps brachii during isokinetic contraction, thereby modulating the synergistic actions of these muscles. This study preliminarily explores the influencing factors of muscle coactivation characteristics in athletes, providing valuable guidance for scientific training.
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