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Performance Evaluation of Transfer Learning Based Medical Image Classification Techniques for Disease Detection.

Zeeshan Ahmad, Shudi Bao, Meng Chen

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
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    Transfer learning (TL) effectively classifies medical images using deep learning, with InceptionV3 outperforming other models. TL benefits limited data, but performance varies with model architecture and dataset.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Computer Vision

    Background:

    • Medical image classification is crucial for disease identification.
    • Deep learning models are powerful but require extensive data for training from scratch.
    • Transfer learning (TL) offers a solution by reusing pre-trained models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively analyze transfer learning techniques for medical image classification using deep convolutional neural networks.
    • To evaluate the performance of six pre-trained models on a custom chest X-ray dataset.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluation of six deep convolutional neural network models (AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet18, ResNet34, ResNet50, InceptionV3) using transfer learning.
    • Application on a custom chest X-ray dataset for disease detection.

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  • Analysis of uncertainty and runtime for robustness and computational efficiency.
  • Main Results:

    • InceptionV3 demonstrated superior performance across all metrics.
    • ResNet models showed improved performance with increased depth.
    • Transfer learning proved beneficial, particularly for limited datasets, with performance influenced by model architecture, data size, and domain similarity.

    Conclusions:

    • Transfer learning is a valuable technique for medical image classification, especially with limited data.
    • Model selection for TL depends on factors like architecture, dataset size, and domain similarity.
    • A well-trained feature extractor allows efficient prediction with lightweight models.