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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
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Hearable Heartbeats: Recording the Heart Rate from the Ear.

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    Summary

    Body-coupled microphones (BCM) in the ear can estimate heart rate (HR). While feasible, performance varies significantly between individuals and ears, highlighting the need for further research in ear-based health monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Physiological Monitoring
    • Wearable Technology

    Background:

    • Longitudinal physiological measurements offer a more complete health assessment than single readings.
    • Cardiovascular signals synchronized to heartbeat have been detected in the ear using body-coupled microphones (BCM).
    • This suggests potential for estimating heart rate (HR) non-invasively via ear-based BCM.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of extracting time-varying heart rates (HR) using body-coupled microphones (BCM) placed in the ears.
    • To assess the accuracy and reliability of BCM-based HR estimation compared to electrocardiography (ECG).

    Main Methods:

    • 10 subjects were recorded for 5 minutes with BCMs in each ear.
    • Heart rate (HR) was estimated using the PYIN pitch detection algorithm, with hyperparameters optimized via grid search.
    • BCM-derived HR estimates were compared against ECG recordings for detection rate, error distribution, and root mean square error (RMSE).

    Main Results:

    • In 9 out of 19 ears, the RMSE for HR estimation was below 4 beats per minute (BPM).
    • However, 4 out of 10 subjects showed both low detection rates and high RMSE, indicating significant inter-individual variability.
    • The error distributions suggested that BCM-based HR estimation is unbiased.

    Conclusions:

    • Heart rate estimation using body-coupled microphones in the ear is feasible.
    • Considerable inter-ear variability exists in detection rates and HR error, likely due to signal representation and algorithm performance.
    • Ear-level sensing, enhanced with BCM-based cardiovascular monitoring, holds promise for future health applications.