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Related Concept Videos

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

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The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Microfluidic Fabrication of Core-Shell Microcapsules carrying Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Spheroids
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Camera-based In-Process Evaluation and Parameter Study of Core-Shell-Capsule Dimensions.

Leon Budde, Scharon Kraudelt, Julia Dreger

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a camera-based tool for real-time monitoring of core-shell capsule (CSC) manufacturing. This innovation enhances process control and efficiency by enabling in-process evaluation of droplet size, crucial for consistent CSC core diameter.

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    Area of Science:

    • Tissue Engineering
    • Biomaterials Science
    • Process Engineering

    Background:

    • Core-shell capsules (CSCs) are vital in tissue engineering for creating in vivo-like cell environments.
    • Current CSC manufacturing lacks standardization due to manual handling and numerous process variables.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a camera-based system for in-process evaluation of CSC core droplets.
    • To investigate the impact of flow rate and cannula gauge on CSC core diameter during manufacturing.

    Main Methods:

    • A camera system captured droplet images during free-fall for in-process diameter measurement.
    • CSC core sizes were post-process determined via microscopy.
    • Flow rate and cannula gauge were systematically varied to assess their effects.

    Main Results:

    • CSC core diameter generally decreased with smaller cannula gauge.
    • Flow rate significantly impacted diameter only with smaller cannulas, increasing variability.
    • A strong positive correlation (Pearson r=0.94) was found between in-process droplet diameter and final CSC core size.

    Conclusions:

    • In-process monitoring offers a more efficient method for CSC manufacturing process tuning.
    • This approach facilitates improved standardization and has potential for automated feedback control loops.