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Evaluating Activity Levels in Individuals with TBI using IMU.

Prasad A Tendolkar, Rakesh Pilkar, Kiran K Karunakaran

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
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    Inertial measurement units (IMUs) reveal reduced ankle activity in individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) during walking. Sensor location critically impacts the ability to detect these differences and their relation to functional measures.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomechanics
    • Rehabilitation Science

    Background:

    • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) frequently causes sensorimotor and gait deficits.
    • Objective quantification of physical activity is crucial for TBI rehabilitation.
    • Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) offer a promising method for activity monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate IMU-derived activity levels during walking and stair climbing in TBI patients and healthy controls.
    • To compare activity counts from ankle, wrist, and sacrum sensors.
    • To correlate IMU activity with functional mobility measures.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants with TBI and healthy controls performed walking and stair climbing tasks.
    • IMUs were worn on the ankles, wrists, and sacrum to collect activity counts.

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  • Functional measures included Timed Up and Go, Dynamic Gait Index, and gait speed.

    • Main Results:

    • TBI participants exhibited significantly lower ankle activity counts during walking compared to controls.
    • No significant differences in wrist or sacrum activity counts were observed between groups.
    • Correlation patterns between activity levels and functional measures differed between TBI and control groups.

    Conclusions:

    • IMU-derived activity counts can differentiate physical activity levels between TBI patients and healthy individuals.
    • Ankle sensor placement is more sensitive to TBI-related gait deficits than wrist or sacrum placement.
    • Sensor location is a critical factor for accurately assessing TBI-related activity changes and functional outcomes.