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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Predicting Motor Intent from Residual Neck Muscle Activity in Individuals with Neck Weakness from ALS.

Monika K Buczak, Joseph Brignone, Kiley M Cole

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    |December 3, 2025
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    Summary

    This study shows electromyography (EMG) signals from residual neck muscles can control head movement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. This offers a dexterous and intuitive method to restore head-neck motion for improved quality of life.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Rehabilitation Technology

    Background:

    • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) causes progressive paralysis, often leading to severe neck weakness and head drop.
    • Existing control methods like joysticks or gaze tracking are challenging for some ALS patients.
    • The Utah Neck Exoskeleton was developed to support head movement but requires improved intuitive control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of using electromyographic (EMG) signals from residual neck muscles to control head motion in ALS patients.
    • To determine if EMG signals can accurately predict intended head position and movement direction.
    • To establish EMG as a viable control modality for assistive devices in ALS.

    Main Methods:

    • Recorded surface EMG signals from neck muscles of two ALS patients with significant neck weakness.
    • Utilized convolutional neural networks to map EMG signals to head position and motion.
    • Assessed the accuracy of EMG-based control for steady-state head position and directional head movement.

    Main Results:

    • EMG signals successfully predicted steady-state head position with 97.1% median accuracy.
    • EMG signals accurately classified the direction of head motion with 83.12% median accuracy.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of using residual neck muscle activity for intuitive control.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface EMG is a promising, dexterous, and intuitive control method for head-neck movement in ALS patients.
    • EMG control, combined with the Utah Neck Exoskeleton, can potentially restore head mobility and enhance quality of life.
    • This approach offers a new avenue for assistive technology in managing the physical challenges of ALS.