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Related Concept Videos

The Retina01:32

The Retina

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Smartphone Fundus Photography
05:51

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Published on: July 6, 2017

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An Affordable Smartphone-based Fundus Imaging Device for Retinal Examination.

Solomon Gebru Abay, Melkamu Hunegnaw Asmare, Lucca Geurts

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents the Glaucoma Screening on Phone (GSoP), an affordable smartphone adapter for fundus imaging. It enables cost-effective screening for eye diseases like glaucoma, especially in underserved areas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Devices
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Fundus imaging is crucial for diagnosing ocular diseases but faces cost and accessibility barriers.
    • Conventional fundus cameras are expensive and not widely available, limiting screening in resource-constrained settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an affordable and portable smartphone-based fundus imaging adapter, the Glaucoma Screening on Phone (GSoP).
    • To assess the GSoP's capability in capturing diagnostically relevant images of the optic disc for glaucoma screening.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an inexpensive smartphone adapter using accessible components.
    • Recorded retinal videos focusing on the optic disc region in dilated pupils.
    • Conducted a qualitative comparison with a commercial ophthalmoscope (oDocs-nun).

    Main Results:

    • The GSoP successfully captured diagnostically relevant images of the optic disc, despite some artifacts like glare.
    • Qualitative comparison showed the GSoP effectively highlights the optic nerve head, crucial for glaucoma screening.
    • The adapter has a production cost under C10, making it highly accessible.

    Conclusions:

    • The GSoP offers a practical and affordable solution for smartphone-based fundus imaging and glaucoma screening.
    • Its design is suitable for mydriatic video-based screening in primary healthcare and educational settings.
    • Future enhancements like glare reduction and AI integration could further improve diagnostic capabilities.