A three-dimensional Spatially Precise Activation and Compliant Electrode (SPACE) to interface internally and...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience
• Materials Science

Background:

• Peripheral nerve interfaces require precise targeting for effective neuromodulation.
• Existing electrode technologies face challenges in achieving both high selectivity and long-term stability.
• Simultaneous intraneural and extraneural stimulation offers potential for enhanced neural control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and evaluate a novel three-dimensional electrode, SPACE, for simultaneous intraneural and extraneural peripheral nerve targeting.
• To assess the spatial selectivity and stability of the SPACE electrode in vivo.
• To explore the potential of SPACE electrodes for fine motor recovery applications.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of the SPACE electrode using MEMS techniques on a flexible polyimide substrate.
• Design featuring penetration and wrapping components for dual-region nerve targeting.
• In vivo implantation and stimulation tests on rat sciatic nerves to evaluate muscle activation and response.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated targeted muscle activation via intraneural, extraneural, and combined stimulation modes.
• Observed distinct muscle responses correlating with different electrode configurations.
• SPACE electrode exhibited enhanced selectivity and stability for peripheral neural interfaces.

Conclusions:

• The SPACE electrode provides a precise and stable solution for simultaneous intraneural and extraneural neuromodulation.
• This technology shows significant potential for clinical applications, particularly in restoring fine motor function.
• The dual-configuration design improves neural targeting and post-implantation device reliability.