A three-dimensional Spatially Precise Activation and Compliant Electrode (SPACE) to interface internally and...

This study introduces a novel three-dimensional Spatially Precise Activation and Compliant Electrode (SPACE), designed to simultaneously target both intraneural and extraneural regions of peripheral nerves, thereby enhancing spatial selectivity for neuromodulation. The electrodes were fabricated using advanced MEMS techniques on a flexible polyimide substrate. The SPACE electrode features a unique configuration comprising penetration and wrapping components, which precisely target the internal and external regions of peripheral nerves, respectively. This dual-configuration design not only enables broader neural targeting but also enhances post-implantation stability. In vivo implantation tests on rat sciatic nerves demonstrated targeted muscle activation through intraneural, extraneural, and combined stimulation, with distinct muscle responses observed depending on the electrode configurations. By simultaneously targeting both the inner and outer regions of peripheral nerves, the SPACE electrode was demonstrated with better selectivity and stability for building peripheral neural interfaces. This innovative technology offers a precise and reliable solution for targeted neural stimulation, showcasing considerable potential for clinical applications in fine motor recovery.Clinical Relevance-This offers a precise and stable solution for targeted neural stimulation and has great potential for reliable fine motor recovery.