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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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OpenSpectro: An Open-Source Spectroscopic Profiling Platform.

Haoran Zhang, Elizabeth C Courtney, Kyle C Quinn

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces OpenSpectro, an open-source platform for spectroscopic analysis of molecular signatures. It aids in optimizing multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors for enhanced wearable health monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopic analysis
    • Biomarker identification
    • Wearable health technology

    Background:

    • Optical molecular signatures are key for wearable health devices.
    • Multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors require optimized wavelength combinations.
    • Lack of systematic mapping hinders PPG sensor advancement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce OpenSpectro, an open-source platform for spectroscopic profiling.
    • Facilitate visualization and sharing of molecular spectral data, especially human physiological biomarkers.
    • Address the gap in systematic mapping of spectroscopic signatures for sensor optimization.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an open-source spectroscopic profiling platform (OpenSpectro).
    • Created a preliminary database of 17 human physiological biomarkers.
    • Implemented a spectral attention optimization model to identify wavelength attention weights.

    Main Results:

    • OpenSpectro enables visualization and sharing of molecular spectral data.
    • The platform includes a database of 17 biomarkers.
    • The optimization model provides customized wavelength attention for biomarkers.

    Conclusions:

    • OpenSpectro advances multi-wavelength PPG sensor development.
    • Systematic mapping of spectroscopic signatures is crucial for sensor accuracy.
    • The platform supports optimized design of wearable health-monitoring devices.