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Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

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Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
08:51

Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: December 2, 2011

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Liposome Adsorption Dynamics Induced by Gold Surface Functionalization.

Paula S Casagrande1, Wyllerson Evaristo Gomes2, Carla M Salgado3

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Laboratório de Nanoestruturas e Interfaces, Rua Lev Landau, 381, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface wettability significantly impacts liposome adsorption for biosensors. Hydrophilic surfaces enable rapid lipid bilayer formation, crucial for early disease detection and nanotechnology applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Early disease detection is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Biosensors utilizing phospholipid films or lipid-based nanostructures show promise for diagnostics.
  • Controlling lipid adsorption on sensor surfaces is key to their performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of surface functionalization with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on liposome adsorption kinetics and mass.
  • To compare liposome adsorption on hydrophobic versus hydrophilic gold surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to visualize surface morphology.
  • Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) was employed to quantify adsorbed mass and kinetics.
  • Gold surfaces were functionalized with hydrophobic octanethiol and hydrophilic 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) SAMs.

Main Results:

  • Liposome adsorption was significantly faster on hydrophilic 3-MPA SAMs (20 seconds) compared to hydrophobic octanethiol SAMs (>1,000 seconds).
  • Hydrophilic surfaces showed a higher adsorbed mass (~200 ng), indicating potential multilayer formation.
  • Hydrophobic surfaces adsorbed approximately 150 ng of liposomes.

Conclusions:

  • Surface wettability, controlled by SAM polarity, critically influences lipid bilayer formation.
  • Optimized surface properties are essential for developing efficient biosensors and drug delivery systems.
  • This study provides insights into tailoring lipid-surface interactions for nanotechnology applications.