Validation of a performance-based driving assessment: Implications for licensing young drivers

The on-road behind-the-wheel "practical" license test is the gate by which aspiring drivers must pass in order to drive independently in many jurisdictions. Evidence linking practical test performance and future driving outcomes is mixed. In the United States, license tests are characterized by high pass rates. A more rigorous test might dissuade applicants who are not ready from attempting the test, encourage better preparation, and also sensitize aspirational drivers to their areas of strengths and weaknesses; this is especially important for young, novice drivers.

The purpose of this analysis was to detail the validation and implementation of the Drivingly On-Road Driver Assessment (DORA) to inform the debate on adopting a more challenging license test for young drivers and to describe the frequency of critical errors committed. Dyads randomized to the intervention arm of the Drivingly trial and who participated in the DORA were analyzed (n = 453 adolescents). The DORA was administered in live-traffic by a certified instructor at the end of the state learner's permit holding period. Critical errors were assessed. Drivers self-reported practice hours and number of license test attempts following the DORA. Driver licenses were authenticated by the study team. Enrollment ran from 8/18/2021 to 12/15/2023.

Learner drivers passing the practical test the first-time had fewer critical errors on the DORA than those who took 3 + attempts or who delayed license-testing (p < 0.0001). Practice was inversely associated with errors (p < 0.001). Commission of critical errors was common, yet 317(70%) of learner drivers were licensed in one practical test attempt.

The DORA validly assesses driving performance.

Changing state practical driver licensing examinations to be more comprehensive and rigorous could enhance traffic safety.