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How do EV crashes differ from ICEV crashes: A comparative study of Pennsylvania.
Ningzhe Xu1, Yiming Xu2, Jun Liu1
1Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, 251 Shelby Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Journal of Safety Research
|December 3, 2025
Summary
Electric vehicle (EV) crashes differ from internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) crashes in location, time, and severity. Understanding these EV safety differences is key for future road safety planning.
Area of Science:
- Road safety
- Transportation engineering
- Electric vehicle technology
Background:
- Growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates understanding their safety profile.
- Crucial to compare EV safety with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) for public acceptance.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate and compare spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of EV and ICEV crashes.
- Analyze factors contributing to crash severity for both vehicle types.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Pennsylvania crash data from 2020-2022.
- Employed spatiotemporal analysis, statistical tests, and regression models for comparison.
- Categorized EVs to include battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid electric vehicles.
Main Results:
- EV crashes more common in urban areas and during daylight.
- EV crashes showed a lower percentage of fatal and severe injuries compared to ICEV crashes.
- Aggressive driving and signal violations linked to EV crashes; DUI and speeding to ICEV crashes.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences exist in the spatiotemporal distribution, crash severity, and contributing factors between EV and ICEV crashes.
- Findings offer critical data for developing targeted road safety strategies for the increasing EV fleet.
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