Removal of 2,4 di-nitrophenol by using modified spinel aluminate/chitosan nanoparticles composites

Recycling waste material into new products considered as a critical issue as it is cost-effective, and eco-friendly process. The basic material employed here for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) from the waste shrimp shells. Magnesium aluminates spinel (MAS) transparent ceramics doped with Ni²⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions synthesized through Sol-gel auto-combustion process is added. Mixing MAS and CS-NPs in varying ratios MAS/CS-NPs (1:9, 3:7, and 5:5), and then characterizing the resulting powder using X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy and BET surface area. The analysis reveals that the synthesized materials have high crystallinity with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm and mesoporous character with large surface area. Batch adsorption experimental technique was used to assess the adsorption capacity of the MAS/CS-NPs nanoparticles to adsorb 2,4- Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). At room temperature, variables such as contact time, pH, agitation rate, and MAS/CS-NP dose were taken into account. A clearance rate of about 91.3% was shown by the data at pH = 4, Nps dose = 0.03 g/L, and 200 rpm for 45 min. Moreover, it was established that the material could be used for three cycles with an 85% clearance rate. Analysis of the isotherms and kinetics revealed that the adsorption process entails a physical interaction consistent with the Temkin isotherm and conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics, with diffusion boundary layer the rate-limiting phase.