Transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential role of TOE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jie Yu Ao1,2, Yi Cai3, Si Ting Xu2

  • 1Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.

Scientific Reports
|December 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Target of EGR1 (TOE1) is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Targeting TOE1 offers a promising strategy for HCC treatment and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Target of EGR1 (TOE1), a nuclear deadenylase, has partially understood functions and its role in cancer is largely unknown.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health concern with a need for novel therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of TOE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.
  • To evaluate TOE1 as a potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of public databases (TCGA, COSMIC, cBioPortal, TIMER) for TOE1 expression and correlation with clinical features, prognosis, and immune infiltration in HCC.
  • Validation of TOE1 expression in clinical HCC samples.
  • In vitro experiments including TOE1 knockdown in HCC cell lines and RNA-seq analysis to explore functional roles and molecular pathways.
  • Investigation of TOE1's modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • TOE1 is significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues.
  • High TOE1 expression correlates with poor patient prognosis, advanced clinical pathological features, and altered immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.
  • TOE1 knockdown inhibits HCC cell proliferation and metastasis.
  • TOE1 promotes HCC progression by modulating tumor cell stemness and the Hippo signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • TOE1 plays a critical role in HCC development and progression, acting as a potential oncogene.
  • TOE1 is a promising novel target for early detection, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis assessment in HCC.
  • Targeting TOE1 may offer new avenues for precision medicine strategies in HCC treatment.