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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Dynamic time slot allocation method for deterministic communication in UAV formation.

Junfang Xiao1, Jianming Huang2, Qin Chen3

  • 1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Chengdu Polytechnic, 610041, Chengdu, China. xiaojunfang@cdp.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hybrid CSMA/TDMA scheme improves UAV communication by reducing access delays and ensuring deterministic data transmission for critical tasks. This dynamic resource allocation enhances reliability for time-sensitive services.

Keywords:
CSMA/TDMADeterministic communicationDynamic slot allocationRB-CCAUAV formation

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Computer Networking
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • UAV formations require reliable, low-latency communication for tasks like situational awareness.
  • Traditional static TDMA fails to meet dynamic networking needs of UAVs.
  • Deterministic data transmission is crucial for latency-sensitive UAV operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hybrid CSMA/TDMA scheme for dynamic resource allocation in UAV networks.
  • To ensure deterministic end-to-end data transmission for time-sensitive UAV services.
  • To address uncertain access delays and adapt to dynamic service changes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Random Backoff with Centralized Collision Avoidance (RB-CCA) algorithm.
  • Utilized Markov chains to analyze collision and access probabilities.
  • Designed the DySTMap Ivy Algorithm (DIvyA) for minimum delay and slot length calculation.
  • Implemented the solution on an FPGA platform for semi-physical experiments.

Main Results:

  • RB-CCA reduced idle listening by 30% compared to existing algorithms.
  • The proposed scheme decreased end-to-end delay by 20% during service transmission.
  • Experimental results showed end-to-end delay below 5ms and jitter under 0.12ms.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid CSMA/TDMA scheme effectively supports dynamic node access and service changes.
  • The proposed RB-CCA and DIvyA algorithms significantly improve communication efficiency and reliability for UAVs.
  • The solution achieves deterministic, low-latency data transmission suitable for critical UAV applications.