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GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Medications for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: A Rapid Review of Changes in Eating

Hiba Jebeile1,2, Yngvild Sørebø Danielsen3,4, Priya Sumithran5,6

  • 1Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|December 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) show potential benefits for eating behaviors and reduced eating disorder risk in adults and adolescents with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed for comprehensive understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  • The impact of GLP-1 RAs on eating behaviors and eating disorder risk requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on eating behaviors and eating disorder risk in adolescents and adults.
  • To synthesize current evidence on adverse events and changes in eating patterns associated with GLP-1 RA treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A rapid review of studies published up to January 2025 was conducted.
  • Studies included adolescents and adults with obesity or type 2 diabetes treated with GLP-1 RAs, reporting on eating behaviors, eating disorder risk, or adverse events.
  • Data were synthesized narratively.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five studies (2 adolescent, 23 adult) were included in the review.
  • Liraglutide demonstrated a reduction in global eating disorder risk scores and binge eating scores.
  • Semaglutide and liraglutide showed reductions in binge eating episodes and prevalence, respectively; effects on food cravings and disinhibition were mixed or unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Limited data exist on GLP-1 RAs' effects on eating behaviors and eating disorders.
  • For many individuals, eating behaviors may improve or remain stable with GLP-1 RA treatment.
  • Comprehensive assessment of eating behaviors is crucial to fully understand the benefits and risks of GLP-1 RA therapy.
Keywords:
binge eatingdisordered eatingliraglutideobesity treatmentsemaglutidetirzepatide

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