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Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Digital Biometrics in Predicting Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: Decentralized, Prospective Cohort

Natalia Orendain¹, Samantha Spierling Bagsic¹, Edward Ramos²

¹Department of Research & Development, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|December 4, 2025

Summary

Increased sleep variability, measured by activity trackers, predicts higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension in adults. This highlights the potential of digital health tools for early disorder risk assessment.

Keywords:

OSA cardiovascular disease digital health hypertension obstructive sleep apnea sleep health wearable

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Area of Science:

Sleep Science
Digital Health
Cardiovascular Health

Background:

Sleep is crucial for overall health and can be monitored using digital activity trackers.
Decentralized digital research offers a window into real-world sleep patterns across large populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if longitudinal sleep patterns from activity trackers can predict the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension.
To assess the utility of smartphone-based sleep studies in a decentralized research framework.

Main Methods:

Recruited 391 adults nationwide for a smartphone-based sleep study.
Collected health surveys (including Berlin questionnaire for OSA risk) and longitudinal sleep data via activity trackers.
Analyzed sleep variability, BMI, and their association with OSA risk and hypertension.

Main Results:

Increased weekday sleep variability (1-hour increase) raised OSA risk by 159% (OR 2.592) and hypertension risk by 71% (OR 1.712).
Increased weekend sleep variability (1-hour increase) raised OSA risk by 93% (OR 1.928) and hypertension risk by 43% (OR 1.432).
Higher BMI also correlated with increased OSA risk (OR 1.217).

Conclusions:

Decentralized digital health studies using activity trackers are effective for sleep research.
Activity trackers can predict OSA and hypertension risk, demonstrating the importance of sleep variability.
Digital devices empower individuals to assess their risk for sleep-related disorders.