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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Effect of Long-Term Isatin Administration on Daily Physical Activity and Cardiac Performance in Female Rats.

Selma Arzu Vardar1, Muhammed Ali Aydın1, Orkide Palabıyık2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine
|December 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Long-term isatin administration is safe in female rats, showing no negative effects on physical activity or cardiac function. However, isatin

Keywords:
Isatincardiac hypertrophyextracellular-regulated kinase 1, 2natriuretic peptidevoluntaryrunning

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Isatin is an endogenous indole with diverse physiological and pharmacological effects.
  • Its impact on cardiac function and related molecular pathways requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of long-term isatin administration on voluntary running behavior.
  • To assess isatin's impact on cardiac performance in rats.
  • To investigate isatin's influence on left ventricular gene and protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar Albino rats were administered saline or isatin (20 or 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days.
  • Rats were housed in standard or running wheel cages.
  • Cardiac function was measured ex vivo; gene and protein expression (AKT, ERK1/2, PDK4) in the left ventricle was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Isatin did not affect running activity, cardiac performance, or AKT gene expression.
  • High-dose isatin increased ventricular weight/body weight and ERK1/2 gene expression in active rats.
  • Low-dose isatin decreased PDK-4 protein levels in physically active rats.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term isatin administration is well-tolerated in female rats.
  • Isatin does not impair physical activity or ex vivo cardiac function.
  • Isatin's effects on the left ventricle involve ERK1/2 and PDK-4 pathways, with dose-dependent variations in physically active rats.