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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

A Comparative Analysis of Radiographic Intervertebral Disc Height Following Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy:

Tinnakorn Pluemvitayaporn¹, Supree Vikan¹, Pritsanai Pruttikul¹

¹Spine Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics, Lerdsin Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery

|December 4, 2025

Summary

Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) via interlaminar (IL) or transforaminal (TF) approaches showed no significant difference in intervertebral disc height (IDH) or clinical outcomes after two years. Reductions in IDH did not correlate with improved back pain scores.

Keywords:

full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy interlaminar intervertebral disc height lumbar disc herniation radiographic transforaminal

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Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Minimally Invasive Spine Procedures

Background:

Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) is a minimally invasive technique for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
FELD can be performed using interlaminar (IL) or transforaminal (TF) approaches, with differing anatomical involvements.
Preoperative and postoperative intervertebral disc height (IDH) changes between IL and TF approaches require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare preoperative and postoperative IDH changes using radiography in patients undergoing FELD via IL versus TF approaches.
To evaluate the correlation between IDH changes and clinical outcomes following FELD.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study analyzing medical records of 110 patients with LDH undergoing FELD (2014-2022).
Pre- and postradiographic IDH, visual analog scale-back pain (VAS-B), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed over a minimum 2-year follow-up.
Comparison of radiographic and clinical outcomes between IL and TF approaches.

Main Results:

No significant statistical variance in median IDH variance or IDH ratio between IL (84%) and TF (85%) groups.
Postoperative IDH showed a median of 7.5 (IL) and 8.5 (TF).
No statistical differences in clinical outcomes (VAS-B, ODI, recurrent LDH) between the two approaches.

Conclusions:

After a 2-year follow-up, FELD via IL and TF approaches yield comparable radiographic outcomes and IDH changes.
No significant difference in clinical outcomes was observed between IL and TF approaches.
No correlation was found between IDH/IDH ratio reduction and improved back pain or disability scores post-FELD.