[Esophageal Granular Cell Tumor Methodology and Differential Diagnosis: A Case Report]

Granular cell tumor is a neoplasm that originates from Schwann cells. Esophageal localization is rare. Although certain endoscopic features characterize these lesions, endoscopic ultrasound together with histopathological examination with immunohistochemical analysis are essential for their correct diagnosis.

A 56-year-old male consulted for dysphagia and pyrosis. Endoscopic examination revealed an elevated subepithelial lesion in the lower third of the esophagus with areas of mucosal erosion. Echoendoscopy showed a hypoechogenic lesion with defined borders located on the muscularis mucosae layer. The lesion was removed using an endoscopic submucosal dissection technique. Finally, after the use of immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of granular cell tumor was reached, with positive expression of S100 protein and CD68 marker.

Granular cell tumor is a rare cause of esophageal subepithelial lesion. Its main differential diagnosis is stromal tumor. Echoendoscopy and histopathologic analysis with the use of immunohistochemistry are essential for its correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.