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Prevalence of Out-Of-Home Care Among School-Aged Children in Canada, 2002-2018: An Analysis of
Prateek Sharma1, Nathaniel J Pollock1, Wendy Hovdestad1
1Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Objectives:
The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of out-of-home care among school-aged children in Canada by year, gender, age group, and placement type and assess time trends.
Methods:
We analyzed data from five cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. Respondents were students in grades six through ten attending public schools in Canada. Based on a question about the family structure, we derived three types of living arrangements - (1) foster/children's home, (2) kinship home, or (3) living with a parent(s) - and estimated the prevalence of each type.
Results:
The pooled sample included 93,720 students; 1.1% reported living in a foster/children's home and 2.1% in a kinship home and in 2018. At the p = 0.05 level (chi-square), there were no observed differences in prevalence by gender or age group. Over time, the prevalence of living in a kinship home increased more than foster/children's home (average percent change per cycle of 18.5% versus 5.0%), to 2.9% and 1.1%, respectively, in 2018.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of out-of-home care in Canada was higher that previous estimates based on census and administrative data.
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