Analysing complex excitation patterns in cardiac tissue using wave event networks

Cardiac dynamics is governed by complex electrical wave patterns, with disruptions leading to pathological conditions like atrial or ventricular fibrillation. Experimentally electrical excitation waves can be made visible by optical mapping using fluorescent dyes. While this imaging technique has enabled detailed studies of cardiac wave dynamics, the manual analysis of activation and phase maps often limits the ability to systematically identify and quantify wave patterns. This study employs a wave tracking algorithm that constructs a graph-based representation of wave dynamics. With that the algorithm detects key events such as wave emergence, splitting, and merging. Applied to both simulated cardiac tissue and experimental data from cell cultures, the algorithm identifies and quantifies wave patterns as wave event networks. Initial results demonstrate its utility in filtering for and focusing on dominant dynamics, providing a robust tool for analyzing cardiac wave patterns. This approach offers potential applications, e.g., to study the effects of external stimuli on cardiac excitation patterns and to better understand the mechanisms involved.