[Precision Medicine in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Gastric Cancer]

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. It has a poor prognosis associated with late-stage diagnosis, that significantly decreases overall survival. This highlights the importance of prevention and early detection to improve the clinical course of patients. Prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer perfectly exemplify the model of precision medicine, a healthcare approach that seeks to place the burden more on the individual than on the general population. This requires not only a comprehensive knowledge of the disease but also the identification of individual factors and the understanding of genetic, molecular and environmental differences, which are key to the development of much more personalized treatment strategies. With this approach, in gastric cancer prevention the subject is always at the center, the measures focus directly on the individual and, secondarily, lead to the optimization of the use of resources. This review briefly discusses primary prevention strategies for gastric cancer based on detection and eradication of Helicobacter pylori and, on the other hand, describes some of the most promising biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of early gastric cancer identified in blood, saliva, urine, feces, and gastric juice, all of which are components of potential secondary prevention measures.