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Decoding Sorghum Root System Architecture for Resource Use Efficiency and Climate Resilience Under Multifactorial
Pramod Sargar1, Pranati Jwala1, Niranjan Thakur1
1International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
Physiologia Plantarum
|December 4, 2025
Summary
Sorghum
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Plant Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Climate change poses risks to global crop production and food security.
- Sorghum bicolor (L.) exhibits climate resilience due to its root system architecture (RSA).
- Optimizing RSA is crucial for enhancing resource-use efficiency (RUE) in crops.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of sorghum RSA traits in improving RUE under abiotic stress.
- To explore physiological and molecular mechanisms governing root development.
- To assess advanced phenotyping and multi-omics approaches for RSA breeding.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of physiological and molecular studies on sorghum RSA.
- Analysis of multi-omics data (transcriptomics, proteomics, GWAS).
- Evaluation of high-throughput phenotyping techniques (2D, 3D, 4D imaging).
Main Results:
- Specific RSA traits (depth, density, branching, angle) enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).
- Multi-omics approaches reveal genetic regulation of root development.
- Advanced phenotyping platforms effectively capture dynamic root traits for selection.
Conclusions:
- Sorghum RSA is a valuable model for developing climate-resilient cultivars.
- Integrating phenotyping and multi-omics accelerates the identification of key RSA determinants.
- Targeting RSA in breeding enhances crop productivity and sustainability in resource-limited environments.
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