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Body composition in chronic undernutrition.

M Barac-Nieto, G B Spurr, H Lotero

    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nutritional compromise significantly impacts body composition, reducing body cell mass and fat stores in severe undernutrition. Simple measurements can predict muscle and body cell mass, aiding nutritional assessment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Human Physiology
    • Body Composition Analysis

    Background:

    • Assessing nutritional status is crucial for understanding health outcomes.
    • Body composition changes reflect varying degrees of undernutrition.
    • Identifying reliable indicators of nutritional compromise is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate changes in body composition across a spectrum of nutritional states in adult males.
    • To identify key anthropometric and biochemical markers predictive of nutritional deficits.
    • To develop predictive models for body cell mass and muscle mass.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured anthropometric, biochemical, metabolic, and hematological variables.
    • Assessed body water compartments in 49 adult males.
    • Utilized multiple regression analysis to establish predictive equations.

    Main Results:

    • Moderate undernutrition decreased body cell mass; severe undernutrition reduced both fat depots and body cell mass.
    • Muscle cell mass was disproportionately affected (-41%) in severe undernutrition.
    • Serum albumin levels strongly correlated with muscle mass deficits (r=0.77).

    Conclusions:

    • Body composition changes vary with the severity of nutritional compromise.
    • Simple anthropometric and serum albumin measurements can predict key body composition parameters.
    • These findings aid in the assessment of undernutrition and its impact on body composition.

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