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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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Real-Time Mid-IR Spectroscopy Inside Reactors with a Modular Endoscopic Probe.

Seok In Lee1,2, Sucbei Moon3, Kwang-Im Oh4

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Analytical Chemistry
|December 4, 2025
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A new endoscopic Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) probe enables real-time monitoring of chemical reactions inside vessels. This advanced tool overcomes limitations of conventional methods, allowing detection of low-concentration species and providing detailed mechanistic insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • In operando monitoring is vital for understanding reaction kinetics and mechanisms.
  • Conventional attenuated total reflection (ATR)-IR probes have limited penetration depth, restricting detection to surface events and high concentrations.
  • A need exists for methods capable of real-time analysis within reaction vessels, especially for dilute species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an endoscopic Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) probe for in operando chemical analysis.
  • To enable direct observation and real-time monitoring of chemical reactions inside reaction vessels.
  • To overcome the limitations of shallow penetration depth associated with conventional ATR-IR probes.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an endoscopic probe using hollow-core optical fibers for transmittance measurements.
  • Incorporation of an adjustable optical path length for absorbance optimization across a wide dynamic range.
  • Validation using acetone solutions and application to monitor Schiff base formation via real-time FT-IR spectroscopy and 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS).

Main Results:

  • The endoscopic FT-IR probe demonstrated compliance with the Beer-Lambert law for acetone solutions.
  • Real-time monitoring of Schiff base formation captured the transformation of C=O to C=N bonds and water formation.
  • 2D-COS analysis revealed that water formation precedes imine stabilization, offering mechanistic insights into the condensation process.

Conclusions:

  • The developed compact and modular endoscopic FT-IR probe provides high spectral accuracy and compatibility with standard FT-IR spectrometers.
  • This probe enables real-time quantitative monitoring of chemical reactions, including the detection of low-concentration intermediates.
  • It offers a promising approach for elucidating complex reaction kinetics and mechanisms in situ.