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All dielectric etalon based metasurfaces optimized for high FOM refractive index sensing
N Roostaei1, S Almasi Monfared2
1Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. n_roostaei@alzahra.ac.ir.
Scientific Reports
|December 4, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a novel all-dielectric metasurface for enhanced refractive index sensing. The proposed etalon design significantly boosts sensor performance, achieving high Q-factor and figure of merit (FOM).
Area of Science:
- Photonics and Nanotechnology
- Materials Science
- Sensing Technology
Background:
- Metasurfaces offer unique optical properties for sensing applications.
- All-dielectric metasurfaces provide low loss and high field confinement.
- Etalon structures can enhance light-matter interaction in sensing devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and numerically optimize an all-dielectric etalon-based metasurface for high-performance refractive index sensing.
- To investigate the role of etalon cavity in enhancing sensor performance.
- To achieve superior Q-factor and figure of merit (FOM) compared to existing dielectric metasurface sensors.
Main Methods:
- Numerical optimization of an all-dielectric metasurface composed of TiO2 nanopillars in PDMS.
- Design and simulation of an etalon configuration with two nanopillar arrays.
- Analysis of electromagnetic field distribution within the etalon cavity.
Main Results:
- The proposed etalon-based metasurface achieved a Q-factor of 5513.5 and a FOM of 1237 RIU⁻¹.
- Demonstrated significant enhancement in Q-factor and FOM due to etalon cavity field confinement.
- Outperformed previously reported dielectric metasurface sensors in performance metrics.
Conclusions:
- The etalon-based metasurface design offers an optimal balance of sensitivity, Q-factor, and FOM.
- Strong electromagnetic field confinement within the etalon cavity is key to enhanced performance.
- This platform is promising for next-generation refractive index sensors requiring high spectral resolution and detection accuracy.
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