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Understanding Gender Differences in Injecting-Related Harms Among an Australian Sample of People Who Inject Drugs.

Daisy Gibbs1,2, Rachel Sutherland2, Sarah Larney3

  • 1Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

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|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Women who inject drugs report higher rates of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and venous disease. While gender did not interact with needle reuse or injecting frequency, targeted interventions are needed for women

Keywords:
genderinjecting related injuries and diseasesskin and soft tissue infectionvenous disease

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Injecting-related injuries and diseases (IRID) are common among people who inject drugs.
  • Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and venous disease are prevalent IRID, often linked to unsafe practices.
  • Women are disproportionately affected by IRID, yet the interaction between gender and risk factors is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gender and the prevalence of SSTI and venous disease.
  • To examine if gender moderates the association between injecting frequency, needle reuse, and these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale survey of Australians who inject drugs (N=7538) was conducted between 2009-2023.
  • Participants self-reported drug use behaviors and IRID experience.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed gender differences and interaction effects with injecting frequency and needle reuse.

Main Results:

  • Women reported higher past-month prevalence of SSTI (10% vs 7%) and venous disease (5% vs 3%) compared to men.
  • No statistically significant interactions were found between gender and needle reuse or injecting frequency for either outcome.
  • Overall past-month SSTI was 8% and venous disease was 4%.

Conclusions:

  • A notable gender disparity exists in the experience of SSTI and venous disease among people who inject drugs.
  • While specific risk behaviors like needle reuse did not show gender interaction, the overall higher prevalence in women warrants attention.
  • Interventions to reduce IRID must consider gender-specific needs and be acceptable to women.