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COVID-19 in Diabetic Patients: Mechanisms, Risks, and Therapeutic Considerations.
Rania Hamdy1, Amal Z Barakat2, Eman J Abuzaid3
1Research Institute for Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Reviews in Medical Virology
|December 5, 2025
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic worsens diabetes through immune and metabolic pathways, increasing disease severity. Understanding this bidirectional relationship aids in developing targeted therapies for diabetic patients.
Area of Science:
- * Immunometabolism and infectious diseases.
- * Endocrinology and virology.
- * Public health and chronic conditions.
Background:
- * The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents significant global health challenges.
- * Diabetes mellitus is a critical comorbidity, linked to increased COVID-19 risk, severity, and mortality.
- * The interplay between viral infections and metabolic disorders requires thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes.
- * To explore the underlying immunometabolic mechanisms.
- * To examine post-COVID metabolic sequelae and therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- * Conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
- * Included peer-reviewed studies published until May 2025.
- * Focused on terms: "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "diabetes," and "immunometabolism."
Main Results:
- * SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbates metabolic dysfunction via immune dysregulation, inflammation, and beta-cell damage.
- * Hyperglycemia fuels viral replication and inflammation, creating a detrimental cycle.
- * Increased incidence of new-onset and post-COVID diabetes observed.
Conclusions:
- * Diabetes significantly amplifies COVID-19 severity through complex metabolic and immune interactions.
- * Understanding these links offers insights for disease management.
- * Supports the development of targeted immunometabolic therapies for improved patient outcomes.
Keywords:
COVID‐19SARS‐CoV‐2antidiabetic therapydiabetesimmunometabolic therapyinflammationlong‐COVID19metabolic dysregulationrisk factorsMore Related Videos
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