Brain Imaging Changes Following Deep Brain Stimulation Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Literature Review

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Structural brain changes, including atrophy in the midbrain, basal ganglia, and cortical regions such as the frontal and temporal lobes, are observed in advanced stages. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for motor symptoms in advanced PD, significantly improving motor function and quality of life. However, its effects on brain structure and function remain poorly understood, with conflicting cognitive outcomes and growing interest in potential disease-modifying effects.

This review aims to summarize published neuroimaging studies investigating structural and functional brain changes following DBS treatment in PD patients.

A literature search was conducted to identify neuroimaging studies that examined post-DBS brain changes in PD patients. Studies reporting findings on metabolism, blood flow, functional connectivity, and structural atrophy were reviewed.

Published findings indicate increased metabolism, blood flow, and connectivity in multiple motor-related regions following DBS. Structural atrophy in the hippocampus and midbrain structures has also been reported. However, findings on functional connectivity changes in non-motor cortical regions remain inconsistent. Study limitations include small sample sizes, variability in imaging techniques, and differences in assessment conditions.

While DBS produces measurable neuroimaging changes in PD patients, definitive conclusions regarding its effects on brain structure and function remain elusive. Future research with larger, well-controlled cohorts and standardized methodologies is necessary to clarify the impact of DBS beyond symptomatic relief.