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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Published on: December 20, 2024

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In Vivo Comparison of Resin-Modified and Pure Calcium-Silicate Cements for Direct Pulp Capping.

Fatma Fenesha1, Aonjittra Phanrungsuwan1, Brian L Foster1

  • 1Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Theracal-LC (TLC) showed a lower inflammatory response and comparable dentin bridge formation to other calcium-silicate materials in direct pulp capping (DPC). This challenges perceptions of resin-based materials, highlighting the need to balance biological and physical properties for successful DPC.

Keywords:
calcium silicatedirect pulp cappingmicroleakagereparative dentin

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Regenerative Dentistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Direct pulp capping (DPC) aims to preserve dental pulp vitality using biocompatible materials.
  • Calcium-silicate materials promote mineralization and inflammation regulation for pulp repair.
  • Biodentine (BD) and EndoSequence RRM Putty (ES) show promise, but Theracal-LC (TLC), a newer resin-modified material, has conflicting study results regarding biocompatibility and healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the inflammatory response, dentin bridge formation, and material adaptation of ES, BD, and TLC in direct pulp capping.
  • To comprehensively assess the biocompatibility and pulpal protection offered by these three capping agents.

Main Methods:

  • DPC was performed on mouse molars.
  • Inflammatory response was measured at 24 hours via neutrophil/monocyte infiltration (Lys6G6C).
  • Dentin bridge formation and material adaptation (voids) were assessed at 21 days using micro-CT and histology.

Main Results:

  • TLC induced significantly less inflammatory cell infiltration at 24 hours compared to BD and ES.
  • BD promoted more tertiary dentin than TLC, but TLC and ES showed similar volumes.
  • No significant differences in material adaptation or void spaces were found among the three materials.

Conclusions:

  • All three materials supported pulp healing and marginal integrity.
  • TLC demonstrated a lower initial inflammatory response and comparable tertiary dentin formation to ES.
  • Findings suggest resin-based materials like TLC can be suitable for DPC, emphasizing the importance of balancing biological and physical properties for clinical success.