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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

335
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
335
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

181
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
181
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

339
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
339
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

257
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
257
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

370
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
370
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

381
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
381

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source
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Calcium Challenge - Tackling Rings, Nodules and Plates: How Can We Get More from Intravascular Lithotripsy

Anirban Choudhury1, Majd B Protty2, Hussain Hussain3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Morriston Cardiac Centre Swansea, Wales, UK.

Interventional Cardiology (London, England)
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) offers a safe and effective method for treating calcific coronary artery disease. This expert opinion refines IVL application strategies for improved stent deployment and procedural success in complex calcific lesions.

Keywords:
Calcific coronary artery diseasecalcium modificationintravascular lithotripsyintravascular lithotripsy catheterstent optimisation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Calcific coronary artery disease poses challenges for optimal stent deployment.
  • Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has emerged as a revolutionary treatment for calcific lesions since its UK introduction in 2018.
  • Safe and effective calcium modification is crucial for successful coronary interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolution and mechanism of IVL technology.
  • To suggest refined IVL application strategies based on author experience and evidence.
  • To optimize IVL usage in diverse calcific coronary artery disease scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Expert opinion review of IVL technology and application.
  • Analysis of IVL's mechanism of action in modifying arterial calcium.
  • Discussion of lessons learned from peripheral vascular studies, including balloon oversizing.

Main Results:

  • IVL demonstrates simplicity, safety, and efficacy in treating calcific lesions.
  • Refined IVL usage can enhance outcomes in concentric, nodular, and eccentric calcium.
  • Application of peripheral IVL strategies may improve coronary intervention success.

Conclusions:

  • IVL represents a significant advancement in managing calcific coronary artery disease.
  • Optimized IVL application, informed by new iterations and peripheral lessons, can improve stent deployment.
  • This approach aims to refine the interventional community's strategy for tackling complex calcific coronary lesions.