Advances in electrical stimulation for wound healing.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Wound Healing

Background:

• Electrical stimulation (ES) is a promising strategy for enhancing tissue regeneration and repair.
• Endogenous and exogenous electric fields guide cellular migration and activate key cell types involved in healing.
• ES mechanisms include enhanced collagen synthesis and accelerated angiogenesis, leading to improved wound closure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in electrical stimulation technology for wound healing.
• To focus on emerging applications of microcurrent devices and electroactive wound dressings.
• To analyze the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of ES for optimizing clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on electrical stimulation in wound healing.
• Analysis of active and passive microcurrent devices.
• Examination of electroactive wound dressings, conductive polymers, and nanocomposite materials.

Main Results:

• ES effectively guides cellular migration and activates fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells.
• Mechanisms involve enhanced collagen synthesis and angiogenesis, significantly improving wound closure rates.
• Conductive polymers and nanocomposite materials show innovative applications in wound repair.

Conclusions:

• Electrical stimulation technologies offer significant potential for accelerating wound healing.
• Further research into ES mechanisms and materials can optimize therapeutic outcomes.
• This review provides perspectives for advancing ES technologies toward clinical application in regenerative medicine.