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PCR

PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...

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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection

Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection

Published on: March 5, 2011

A reagent-centred thermal control system driven by a cascade temperature control algorithm for high-speed PCR.

Yuheng Luo^1,2,3, Wangyang Hu^1,2, Jiajia Wu³

¹National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China. pmrdd@scut.edu.cn.

|December 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) platform achieving 45-cycle amplification in under 5 minutes. The novel reagent-centric control strategy ensures high-speed nucleic acid testing without sacrificing accuracy.

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Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection

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Amplification of Escherichia coli in a Continuous-Flow-PCR Microfluidic Chip and Its Detection with a Capillary Electrophoresis System

Amplification of Escherichia coli in a Continuous-Flow-PCR Microfluidic Chip and Its Detection with a Capillary Electrophoresis System

Published on: November 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Molecular Diagnostics
Biotechnology
Control Systems Engineering

Background:

Accelerating quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is crucial for molecular diagnostics but hindered by thermal lag.
Existing methods struggle to balance speed with analytical fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-speed qPCR platform overcoming thermal lag using a novel control strategy.
To achieve rapid nucleic acid amplification without compromising quantitative accuracy.

Main Methods:

A reagent-centric cascade control strategy with a virtual temperature sensor was employed.
A planar PCB-based copper heater served as both heating element and sensor.
Fuzzy PID control with feedforward compensation regulated reagent temperature.

Main Results:

Achieved reagent heating and cooling rates of 24.1 °C/s and 19 °C/s.
Controlled reagent temperature with ±0.2 °C accuracy and <0.2 °C overshoot.
Completed 45-cycle amplification in 4.4 minutes with R²=0.9965 and 109.8% efficiency.

Conclusions:

The high-speed qPCR platform demonstrates fast and accurate nucleic acid testing.
The reagent-centered control framework is scalable for high-throughput molecular diagnostics.
This approach enables faster, more efficient molecular diagnostic instruments.