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Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

20.8K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
20.8K
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

1.3K
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
1.3K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

743
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
743
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

1.6K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
1.6K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

36.5K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
36.5K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

1.5K
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
1.5K

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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

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Effect of variable solubility on reactive convective dissolution.

S Kabbadj1, A De Wit1, L Rongy1

  • 1Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculté des Sciences, Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Campus de la Plaine - Boulevard du Triomphe CP231, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. Sylvain.Kabbadj@ulb.be.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|December 5, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical reactions significantly impact solute dissolution by altering density and solubility. Understanding these effects optimizes mass transfer, crucial for applications like carbon dioxide storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Convective dissolution is influenced by density changes during solute dissolution.
  • Chemical reactions between solutes and host phases can alter dissolution dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how a reaction (A + B → C) affects convective dissolution when product C reduces solute A solubility.
  • To explore conditions optimizing solute A dissolution into a host phase containing reactant B.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study employing numerical simulations.
  • Analysis of reaction-diffusion-convection (RDC) concentration distributions.
  • Classification of density profiles based on key parameters.

Main Results:

  • Variable solubility regimes were identified, impacting mass transfer dynamics.
  • In excess reactant B, initial concentration effects on mass transfer diminished.
  • Product C significantly decreasing solute A solubility led to reduced flux compared to nonreactive cases.

Conclusions:

  • Reactions can either enhance or reduce solute transfer into host phases.
  • Density and solubility changes driven by reactions are critical factors.
  • Findings are relevant for applications such as geological carbon sequestration.