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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
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Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Assessment of Respiration01:23

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
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Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

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Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
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SAS-CARE-1 study: stroke topography and polysomnography-based respiratory sleep characteristics.

Irina Filchenko1,2, Anne-Kathrin Brill3, Martijn P J Dekkers4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, Bern, 3010, Switzerland. Irina.Filchenko@insel.ch.

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Brainstem stroke is linked to more severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during acute phases. This association with OSA diminishes over time, suggesting a complex relationship between stroke location and sleep breathing disorders.

Keywords:
Central sleep apnea indexIschemic strokeObstructive apnea indexPolysomnographySleep-disordered breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke.
  • SDB can also emerge after acute brain injury (de novo).
  • The relationship between SDB and stroke location (topography) is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between SDB and stroke topography.
  • To determine if stroke location influences the presence or severity of SDB.
  • To assess changes in SDB over time post-stroke in relation to stroke location.

Main Methods:

  • Post-hoc analysis of the prospective SAS-CARE-1 study.
  • Included 259 patients with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack.
  • Assessed demographics, medical history, MRI for stroke topography (supra/infratentorial), and polysomnography for SDB (Obstructive Apnea Index - OAI).

Main Results:

  • Brainstem stroke was associated with a higher OAI during the acute phase (9.91 events/h, p=0.003).
  • A decrease in OAI from acute to 3 months post-stroke was associated with brainstem stroke (-10.72 events/h, p=0.011), but this lost significance with baseline OAI adjustment.
  • No other significant associations between SDB and stroke topography were found.

Conclusions:

  • Confirms a link between brainstem stroke and obstructive sleep apneas.
  • Suggests the association is most prominent in the acute stroke phase.
  • Highlights the need for further research into the interplay between focal brain damage and sleep respiratory control.