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Reproductive Lifespan and Reproductive Factors in Relation to Dementia Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2
Jin Yu1, Jae-Hyoung Cho1,2, Kyungdo Han3
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Diabetes Care
|December 5, 2025
Summary
A longer reproductive lifespan and higher parity may reduce dementia risk in women with type 2 diabetes. Hormone replacement therapy use also showed a protective effect against cognitive decline.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Endogenous estrogen is associated with reduced cognitive decline.
- Reproductive factors' impact on dementia risk in women with diabetes is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between reproductive factors and dementia risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
- To analyze the influence of reproductive lifespan, parity, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on all-cause, Alzheimer's, and vascular dementia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 159,751 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (aged >40).
- Data collected on reproductive factors via questionnaires; dementia incidence determined by diagnosis codes and medication records.
- Cox proportional hazards regression used to estimate dementia risk associated with reproductive factors.
Main Results:
- Longer reproductive lifespan (≥40 years) was linked to a 27% lower risk of all-cause dementia compared to <30 years.
- Parity of 1 was associated with a 27% lower risk of all-cause dementia versus parity 0.
- HRT use for >5 years correlated with a 17% lower risk of all-cause dementia compared to non-users.
Conclusions:
- A longer reproductive lifespan is associated with reduced dementia risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
- Parity and HRT use may also play protective roles against dementia in this population.
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