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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
257
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

353
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
353
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
335
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

381
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
381

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Lime-based supplement reduces calcium oxalate stone recurrence: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Thasinas Dissayabutra1,2, Weerapat Anegkamol1, Supoj Ratchanon3

  • 1Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

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A novel lime-based preparation (LPR) significantly reduced kidney stone recurrence by 76% over two years compared to placebo. This phytochemical-rich regimen also lowered inflammation markers, offering a safe alternative for stone prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Recurrent urolithiasis poses a significant clinical challenge, with high recurrence rates impacting patient quality of life.
  • Potassium citrate is effective but limited by adherence issues (cost, side effects).
  • Lime-based interventions show promise for increasing urinary citrate and alkalinity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a lime-based phytochemical-rich regimen (LPR) in preventing kidney stone recurrence.
  • To assess LPR's impact on urinary inflammation markers over 24 months.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 173 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
  • Participants received either LPR or placebo for 24 months.
  • Primary outcome: stone recurrence via CT scan. Secondary outcomes: urinary protein and IL-8 levels.

Main Results:

  • LPR significantly reduced stone recurrence to 14% versus 45% in placebo (p < 0.001).
  • Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a 76% reduction in recurrence risk with LPR (HR 0.24).
  • LPR decreased urinary IL-8 and protein excretion; adherence was high with no serious adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • LPR effectively reduces calcium oxalate stone recurrence, potentially via increased citrate, alkalinization, and reduced renal inflammation.
  • The observed reduction in urinary IL-8 and proteinuria supports LPR's anti-inflammatory effects.
  • LPR presents a safe, cost-effective option for secondary stone prevention, especially for patients intolerant to conventional therapies.