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17-GHz lossless InP-membrane active metasurface.

Taichiro Fukui1, Kei Sumita1, Hiroki Miyano1

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Researchers developed a novel active metasurface for ultrafast light control. This device achieves a record 17.5 GHz modulation bandwidth with low optical loss, advancing optical communication and computing.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Metamaterials
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Active metasurfaces offer precise spatiotemporal light control for advanced applications.
  • Previous devices faced a conductivity-loss trade-off, limiting speed and performance.
  • Achieving high-speed, low-loss active metasurfaces is crucial for next-generation optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a high-speed, low-loss active metasurface.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing active metasurface technologies.
  • To enable spatiotemporal light control beyond the GHz regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an indium phosphide (InP) membrane platform for device fabrication.
  • Integrated a high-quality (Q) Friedrich-Wintgen quasi-bound-state-in-the-continuum mode within an InP-membrane high-contrast grating (InP HCG).
  • Employed an InP HCG as an ultralow-resistance interdigitated electrode for electrical modulation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record 17.5 GHz modulation bandwidth at a 1.5-μm wavelength.
  • Maintained a high Q factor of 102 and ultralow optical loss of 0.56 dB.
  • Demonstrated 50-fold faster modulation compared to silicon-based devices.

Conclusions:

  • The InP membrane platform simultaneously provides high electron mobility and low free-carrier absorption.
  • The developed active metasurface significantly enhances modulation speed and reduces optical loss.
  • This breakthrough paves the way for active metasurfaces operating beyond the GHz regime for diverse optical applications.