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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
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Exploring the human brain: spatial transcriptomics challenges and approaches in post-mortem analysis.

Sean Chang1,2, Christelle El Haj1, Jan Mulder3

  • 1Discipline of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial transcriptomics offers high-resolution insights into the human brain. This review compares tools, summarizes studies, and discusses challenges for analyzing gene expression in complex human brain tissues.

Keywords:
human brainpost-mortem analysisspatial transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Studying the human brain is a complex biological challenge.
  • Traditional methods advanced understanding of brain structure.
  • Spatial transcriptomics provides high-resolution mRNA expression insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare spatial transcriptomics tools for human brain analysis.
  • To summarize current research using these technologies in human brains.
  • To discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of existing spatial transcriptomics technologies.
  • Synthesis of published studies utilizing these tools in human brain research.
  • Identification and discussion of analytical challenges specific to the human brain.

Main Results:

  • Spatial transcriptomics tools offer unprecedented resolution for gene expression analysis in the human brain.
  • Successful applications in rodent and non-human primate brains highlight potential for human studies.
  • Specific challenges exist in applying these technologies to the complex human brain.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful approach for understanding human brain function and neurological diseases.
  • Addressing specific challenges is crucial for maximizing the potential of these technologies in human brain research.
  • Guidelines are needed to facilitate the effective use of spatial transcriptomics in analyzing complex human organs.